[{"_1":2,"_200":-5,"_201":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_9":10},"root",{"_5":6,"_7":8},"locale","id","isCms",false,"routes/tags/$slug",{"_11":12,"_13":14,"_15":16,"_187":188,"_194":190,"_198":193,"_199":-5},"slug","biaya-hidup-di-spanyol","ads",[],"posts",[17],{"_6":18,"_19":20,"_11":21,"_22":23,"_24":25,"_26":27,"_28":29,"_30":31,"_32":33,"_34":35,"_36":37,"_38":39,"_40":41,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":49,"_50":51,"_52":53,"_54":55,"_56":57,"_58":59,"_60":61,"_184":185,"_70":186},"019bb77c-141d-7063-8368-6df6db6caf8c","title","Konflik Ukraina dorong biaya hidup di Spanyol jadi lebih tinggi","biaya-hidup-di-spanyol-menjadi-lebih-tinggi-akibat-konflik-ukraina","main_id","019bb73f-2955-73fa-96eb-b779270fb229","main_name","Ekonomi","main_slug","ekonomi-id","date","2023-02-23 20:31:19","author_id","019bb745-b426-73a2-9a49-5ddcb6765ea0","author_name","indowin","full_name","Indonesia Window","author_firstname","Indonesia","author_slug","indonesiawindow","content","

Biaya hidup di Spanyol menjadi lebih tinggi akibat kenaikan harga pangan dan bahan bakar pada peringatan satu tahun eskalasinya konflik Ukraina.

\r\n

Madrid, Spanyol (Xinhua) – Sama seperti negara-negara Eropa lainnya, Spanyol masih menderita akibat kenaikan harga pangan dan bahan bakar pada peringatan satu tahun eskalasinya konflik Ukraina.

Konflik tersebut memengaruhi anggaran rumah tangga di seluruh negara itu, terlepas dari upaya pemerintah untuk menjaga harga serendah mungkin.

Menurut Kantor Statistik Spanyol (INE), harga mengalami kenaikan sebesar 8,4 persen di negara tersebut pada 2022, yang memuncak di angka 10,8 persen pada Juli, hampir 3 poin persentase lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada Februari 2022 ketika konflik itu meletus.

Kenaikan harga terutama disebabkan oleh berbagai masalah pasokan energi di seluruh Eropa, yang saat itu sangat bergantung pada gas dan minyak bumi Rusia.

\n $\"Biaya$ \n

\n Orang-orang mengamati sejumlah komoditas di sebuah toko di Madrid, Spanyol, pada 31 Maret 2022. (Xinhua/Gustavo Valiente)\n

Spanyol dan Portugal dapat menegosiasikan ‘pengecualian Iberia’ dengan negara-negara anggota Uni Eropa (UE) lainnya, yang melindungi mereka dari dampak buruk kenaikan harga gas karena sebagian besar energi mereka berasal dari sumber energi terbarukan.

Biaya listrik di Spanyol masih tercatat di atas 200 euro per megawatt-jam (megawatt-hour/MWh) pada pertengahan 2022, yang mendongkrak tagihan energi rumah tangga dan biaya produksi. Kenaikan harga akhirnya diteruskan kepada konsumen.

Inflasi pada 2022 mencapai angka 8,4 persen. Harga pangan dan minuman nonalkohol naik 15,4 persen antara Januari 2022 dan Januari 2023, menurut INE.

\n $\"Biaya$ \n

\n Foto yang diabadikan pada 12 Maret 2022 ini menunjukkan sebuah stasiun pengisian bahan bakar umum (SPBU) di tengah kenaikan harga bahan bakar di Madrid, Spanyol. (Xinhua/Gustavo Valiente)\n

Harga gula menjadi 52,1 persen lebih tinggi. Harga susu, mentega, dan minyak goreng melonjak lebih dari 30 persen. Sementara itu, harga telur, yoghurt, tepung, dan keju naik lebih dari 20 persen.

Pada awal 2023, pemerintah Spanyol menghapus pajak pertambahan nilai (PPN) untuk makanan pokok selama enam bulan dan menurunkannya dari 10 persen menjadi 5 persen untuk pasta dan minyak zaitun.

Harga solar dan minyak bumi juga naik tajam pada 2022, dengan harga solar naik 28,5 persen dan minyak bumi sebesar 14,9 persen, papar Buletin Perminyakan (Oil Bulletin) UE. Kenaikan harga paling tajam masing-masing sebesar 45,6 persen dan 33,6 persen terjadi pada Maret, tak lama setelah dimulainya konflik Ukraina.

\n $\"Biaya$ \n

\n Para pengemudi truk memprotes kenaikan biaya hidup di Madrid, Spanyol, pada 14 November 2022. (Xinhua/Gustavo Valiente)\n

Naiknya harga bahan bakar memicu aksi mogok selama 20 hari oleh para pekerja transportasi independen, yang semakin memperparah masalah pasokan negara tersebut dan menambah beban anggaran rumah tangga.

*1 euro = 16.211 rupiah

Laporan: Redaksi","excerpt","Biaya hidup di Spanyol menjadi lebih tinggi akibat kenaikan harga pangan dan bahan bakar pada peringatan satu tahun eskalasinya konflik Ukraina. Madrid, Spanyol...","seo_kw","biaya hidup di Spanyol","seo_title","Biaya hidup di Spanyol menjadi lebih tinggi akibat konflik Ukraina","seo_description","Biaya hidup di Spanyol menjadi lebih tinggi akibat kenaikan harga pangan dan bahan bakar pada peringatan satu tahun konflik Ukraina.","image","2023/02/Biaya-hidup-di-Spanyol-1.jpg","image_alt","Biaya hidup di Spanyol","image_caption","Seorang wanita berbelanja di sebuah pasar di Madrid, Spanyol, pada 12 Agustus 2022. (Xinhua/Gustavo Valiente)","image_url","https://indonesiawindow.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/2023/02/Biaya-hidup-di-Spanyol-1.jpg","status","publish","tags",[62,78,85,92,99,106,112,118,125,131,138,144,151,158,165,172,179],{"_6":63,"_64":65,"_66":67,"_11":68,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":71,"_72":71,"_73":74},"019bb744-6f18-7144-921b-6e77d8b98e7d","old_id",10239,"name","tingkat inflasi","tingkat-inflasi","description","created_at","2026-01-13T12:11:14.000000Z","updated_at","pivot",{"_75":18,"_76":63,"_70":77,"_72":77},"post_id","tag_id","2026-01-13T13:12:00.000000Z",{"_6":79,"_64":80,"_66":81,"_11":82,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":83,"_72":83,"_73":84},"019bb744-7eb7-731e-a450-1b99e7c30900",11845,"krisis energi","krisis-energi","2026-01-13T12:11:18.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":79,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":86,"_64":87,"_66":88,"_11":89,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":90,"_72":90,"_73":91},"019bb744-91bc-72ba-b3b6-cf41757e8136",13627,"krisis Ukraina","krisis-ukraina","2026-01-13T12:11:22.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":86,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":93,"_64":94,"_66":95,"_11":96,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":97,"_72":97,"_73":98},"019bb744-98b9-73cd-9f8a-c42f3b24e83a",14401,"Spanyol","spanyol","2026-01-13T12:11:24.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":93,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":100,"_64":101,"_66":102,"_11":103,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":104,"_72":104,"_73":105},"019bb744-9a64-7052-8ea3-3ae701da01c3",14627,"biaya hidup","biaya-hidup","2026-01-13T12:11:25.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":100,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":107,"_64":108,"_66":109,"_11":110,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":104,"_72":104,"_73":111},"019bb744-9a75-70a7-8e1d-ef7b7c5dc627",14635,"gelombang panas Spanyol-Portugal","gelombang-panas-spanyol-portugal",{"_75":18,"_76":107,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":113,"_64":114,"_66":115,"_11":116,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":104,"_72":104,"_73":117},"019bb744-9ac8-71b6-8d1f-6b1ec41cda5c",14677,"perang Rusia-Ukraina","perang-rusia-ukraina",{"_75":18,"_76":113,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":119,"_64":120,"_66":121,"_11":122,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":123,"_72":123,"_73":124},"019bb744-a27d-71d2-b243-d8079e1b4c06",15675,"lonjakan harga energi","lonjakan-harga-energi","2026-01-13T12:11:27.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":119,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":126,"_64":127,"_66":128,"_11":129,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":123,"_72":123,"_73":130},"019bb744-a4de-73c4-8cdd-9bc91167f84b",15879,"harga pangan","harga-pangan",{"_75":18,"_76":126,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":132,"_64":133,"_66":134,"_11":135,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":136,"_72":136,"_73":137},"019bb744-a64e-7351-9b40-bbdba7724ae3",16073,"harga listrik","harga-listrik","2026-01-13T12:11:28.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":132,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":139,"_64":140,"_66":141,"_11":142,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":136,"_72":136,"_73":143},"019bb744-a8b9-71c2-8de8-58608b4d8618",16361,"krisis energi Eropa","krisis-energi-eropa",{"_75":18,"_76":139,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":145,"_64":146,"_66":147,"_11":148,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":149,"_72":149,"_73":150},"019bb744-ad98-7383-ab05-745d957b6cd9",16969,"biaya hidup rumah tangga","biaya-hidup-rumah-tangga","2026-01-13T12:11:30.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":145,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":152,"_64":153,"_66":154,"_11":155,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":156,"_72":156,"_73":157},"019bb744-b661-714d-bebd-c8a43151bdae",18063,"penanganan biaya hidup","penanganan-biaya-hidup","2026-01-13T12:11:32.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":152,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":159,"_64":160,"_66":161,"_11":162,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":163,"_72":163,"_73":164},"019bb744-c117-7150-b5ac-f16fb9194151",19385,"harga pangan global","harga-pangan-global","2026-01-13T12:11:35.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":159,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":166,"_64":167,"_66":168,"_11":169,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":170,"_72":170,"_73":171},"019bb744-c586-7303-a184-9a3c991d2c88",19823,"krisis biaya hidup","krisis-biaya-hidup","2026-01-13T12:11:36.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":166,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":173,"_64":174,"_66":175,"_11":176,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":177,"_72":177,"_73":178},"019bb744-ca3e-7156-b787-ebc9a34bc25e",20367,"konflik di Ukraina","konflik-di-ukraina","2026-01-13T12:11:37.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":173,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":180,"_64":181,"_66":45,"_11":12,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":182,"_72":182,"_73":183},"019bb744-ccfd-7387-8740-afb76cd5ce5c",20611,"2026-01-13T12:11:38.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":180,"_70":77,"_72":77},"comments",[],"2023-02-23","pagination",{"_189":190,"_191":190,"_192":193,"_194":190,"_195":190,"_196":197},"count",1,"total","perPage",12,"currentPage","totalPages","links",{},"pageSize","error","actionData","errors"]