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Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba di seluruh benua Eurasia setelah meninggalkan Afrika secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim dan evolusi lanskap.

\r\n

Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba di seluruh benua Eurasia setelah meninggalkan Afrika secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim dan evolusi lanskap, menurut studi baru yang dipublikasikan di jurnal Nature Communications.

Studi itu, yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti dari Institut Penelitian Dataran Tinggi Tibet (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research) di bawah naungan Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China (Chinese Academy of Sciences), mengungkap bukti baru bahwa migrasi manusia awal dan perkembangan teknologi peralatan batu di Eurasia berkaitan erat dengan perubahan iklim dan lanskap.

Penelitian itu mengindikasikan bahwa antara 900.000 hingga 600.000 tahun silam, kekeringan permukaan Bumi dan perubahan lanskap di Eurasia mendorong migrasi manusia purba dan kemajuan teknologi peralatan batu di kawasan tersebut.

Para sarjana berpendapat bahwa migrasi manusia modern awal dari Afrika menuju Asia Timur menempuh dua rute utama, yaitu rute utara dan rute selatan. Rute selatan melintasi Jazirah Arab, India, Asia Tenggara, dan daerah lainnya, sementara rute utara melewati Asia Tengah, Siberia, dan China Barat Laut.

Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba berkaitan erat dengan evolusi iklim dan lingkungan, ujar Zan Jinbo, peneliti dari Institut Penelitian Dataran Tinggi Tibet yang juga penulis utama makalah itu dan salah satu penulis korespondensi (corresponding author) dalam penelitian tersebut.

Pemahaman sebelumnya soal hubungan antara difusi manusia purba dan lingkungan alam di Eurasia masih terbatas akibat kurangnya perbandingan yang komprehensif antara catatan arkeologis dan paleoenvironmental pada skala spasial yang luas dan temporal yang panjang, urai Zan.

Dalam penelitian terbaru ini, para ilmuwan menganalisis perubahan dalam komposisi isotop karbon organik pada dua profil loess (endapan lanau yang terbentuk dari akumulasi debu yang tertiup angin) khas di Eurasia tengah selama lebih dari 3,6 juta tahun terakhir.

Dengan mengintegrasikan data isotop karbon, lanskap teras sungai, penyebaran aeolian loess, dan peninggalan manusia purba di seluruh Eurasia, mereka menemukan bahwa sejak 900.000 hingga 600.000 tahun silam, pendinginan global dan terangkatnya bagian utara Dataran Tinggi Qinghai-Xizang menyebabkan peningkatan fluktuasi iklim, kekeringan lingkungan, serta meluasnya pengembangan teras sungai di daerah yang dilalui oleh rute utara.

\"Terdapat berbagai perbedaan yang signifikan terkait pendorong lingkungan pada difusi manusia purba antara Eurasia dan Afrika,\" tutur Fang Xiaomin, salah satu penulis makalah dari Institut Penelitian Dataran Tinggi Tibet, yang juga akademisi di Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China.

Di Afrika Utara dan Timur, iklim basah menciptakan koridor hijau bagi manusia purba untuk bermigrasi keluar dari Afrika. Sebaliknya, di Eurasia, kekeringan permukaan Bumi dan perubahan lanskap menawarkan habitat yang lebih terbuka, jalur yang mudah dilalui, dan sumber air, yang secara signifikan berdampak pada lingkungan hidup dan difusi spasial manusia purba di Eurasia, urai Fang.

Laporan: Redaksi","excerpt","Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba di seluruh benua Eurasia setelah meninggalkan Afrika secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim dan evolusi lanskap...","seo_kw","migrasi dan penyebaran manusia","seo_title","Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba di seluruh benua Eurasia","seo_description","Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia purba setelah meninggalkan Afrika secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh perubahan iklim dan evolusi lanskap.","image","2024/12/C8U7WUdj-image.jpg","image_alt","Migrasi dan penyebaran manusia","image_caption","Gambar yang bersumber dari Institut Penelitian Dataran Tinggi Tibet (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research/ITP) di bawah naungan Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China (Chinese Academy of Sciences) ini menunjukkan 'rendering' artistik dari migrasi manusia purba. (Xinhua/ITP)","image_url","https://indonesiawindow.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/2024/12/C8U7WUdj-image.jpg","status","publish","tags",[62,78,85,92,99,106,113,120,128,135],{"_6":63,"_64":65,"_66":67,"_11":68,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":71,"_72":71,"_73":74},"019bb744-0895-701a-ab9c-acd354a4c3c3","old_id",355,"name","perubahan iklim","perubahan-iklim","description","created_at","2026-01-13T12:10:47.000000Z","updated_at","pivot",{"_75":18,"_76":63,"_70":77,"_72":77},"post_id","tag_id","2026-01-13T13:35:37.000000Z",{"_6":79,"_64":80,"_66":81,"_11":82,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":83,"_72":83,"_73":84},"019bb744-1161-7363-abd5-1dec7aa6f8e3",1349,"manusia purba","manusia-purba","2026-01-13T12:10:50.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":79,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":86,"_64":87,"_66":88,"_11":89,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":90,"_72":90,"_73":91},"019bb744-3b51-7096-b882-e148b27640b5",5049,"jalur migrasi manusia prasejarah","jalur-migrasi-manusia-prasejarah","2026-01-13T12:11:00.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":86,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":93,"_64":94,"_66":95,"_11":96,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":97,"_72":97,"_73":98},"019bb744-7c8e-720a-8775-453af8ce0169",11625,"penemuan paleontologi","penemuan-paleontologi","2026-01-13T12:11:17.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":93,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":100,"_64":101,"_66":102,"_11":103,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":104,"_72":104,"_73":105},"019bb744-8862-7202-938c-7b069eedbcf7",12877,"fosil manusia purba","fosil-manusia-purba","2026-01-13T12:11:20.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":100,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":107,"_64":108,"_66":109,"_11":110,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":111,"_72":111,"_73":112},"019bb744-95b4-701c-8c8e-a2ae06cb43e6",14057,"Afrika","afrika","2026-01-13T12:11:23.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":107,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":114,"_64":115,"_66":116,"_11":117,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":118,"_72":118,"_73":119},"019bb744-9a5e-70a6-9b3f-adcd8ec54025",14625,"migrasi manusia","migrasi-manusia","2026-01-13T12:11:25.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":114,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":121,"_64":122,"_66":123,"_11":124,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":125,"_72":125,"_73":126},"019bb744-e370-73c4-b07a-ab81515b9357",22903,"pemanasan global","pemanasan-global","2026-01-13T12:11:43.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":121,"_70":127,"_72":127},"2026-01-13T13:35:38.000000Z",{"_6":129,"_64":130,"_66":131,"_11":132,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":133,"_72":133,"_73":134},"019bb744-fb46-7128-80a3-e0b00af69d4c",25607,"pendinginan global","pendinginan-global","2026-01-13T12:11:49.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":129,"_70":127,"_72":127},{"_6":136,"_64":137,"_66":138,"_11":12,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":133,"_72":133,"_73":139},"019bb744-fb4b-7163-8878-b5e526014c84",25609,"Eurasia",{"_75":18,"_76":136,"_70":127,"_72":127},"comments",[],"2024-12-09","pagination",{"_145":146,"_147":146,"_148":149,"_150":146,"_151":146,"_152":153},"count",1,"total","perPage",12,"currentPage","totalPages","links",{},"pageSize","error","actionData","errors"]