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Aktivitas seismik Pegunungan Himalaya bagian timur dipengaruhi oleh kompresi utara-selatan yang dominan dikombinasikan dengan dorongan perlahan ke bawah (gentle underthrusting) pada lempeng India.

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Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Tim ilmuwan China mengungkap mekanisme kunci di balik aktivitas seismik di Pegunungan Himalaya bagian timur, memberikan wawasan baru mengenai risiko seismik dan proses pengangkatan di sabuk pegunungan arketipal ini di Bumi. Demikian menurut sebuah artikel penelitian yang baru-baru ini dipublikasikan dalam jurnal National Science Review.

Pegunungan Himalaya terbentuk akibat tabrakan lempeng tektonik India dan Eurasia. Meski para ilmuwan memiliki pemahaman yang relatif jelas tentang proses terjadinya gempa bumi di bagian tengah jajaran pegunungan ini, sektor timur yang secara tektonik lebih kompleks masih belum banyak dieksplorasi.

Tim peneliti dari Institut Penelitian Dataran Tinggi Tibet (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research), di bawah naungan Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China (Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS), memanfaatkan data baru dari jaringan seismik pita lebar (broadband) yang mereka pasang baru-baru ini di Pegunungan Himalaya bagian timur untuk menganalisis medan tekanan regional dan memperoleh informasi struktural mendetail tentang pertemuan kedua lempeng tersebut.

Medan tekanan yang diperoleh dari mekanisme fokus gempa bumi tersebut menunjukkan adanya kompresi horizontal utara-selatan yang dominan.

Dari selatan ke utara di sepanjang bagian timur Pegunungan Himalaya, studi ini mengidentifikasi subduksi dengan sudut rendah pada batas kerak-mantel dan geometri datar-landai (flat-ramp geometry) pada antarmuka lempeng di dalam kerak India.

Para peneliti menyebutkan bahwa kompresi utara-selatan yang dominan ini, dikombinasikan dengan dorongan perlahan ke bawah (gentle underthrusting) pada lempeng India, dapat menjelaskan kejadian gempa bumi megathrust maupun terangkatnya jajaran pegunungan yang luas di bawah Pegunungan Himalaya bagian timur.

\"Pada fase berikutnya, kami akan menyelidiki bagaimana tabrakan benua menentukan aktivitas seismik maupun evolusi dataran tinggi,\" papar Bai Ling, penulis pertama sekaligus penulis koresponden artikel penelitian itu.

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