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Fosil Homo floresiensis menunjukkan bukti kehadirannya sebelum keberadaan paling awal manusia modern di Pulau Flores, sementara Homo sapiens telah menjelajahi kepulauan Indonesia pada sekitar masa lenyapnya hobbit.

\r\n

Sydney, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Kekeringan parah di Pulau Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur, kemungkinan telah mendorong kepunahan Homo floresiensis, spesies purba yang dijuluki ‘hobbit’, pada 61.000 tahun yang lalu.

Tim ilmuwan dari Universitas Wollongong (University of Wollongong/UOW) Australia dan Indonesia telah mengungkap bukti kuat bahwa kekeringan parah, yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim, memicu salah satu misteri besar dalam evolusi manusia, yakni lenyapnya \"hobbit\" dari Flores, urai rilis media UOW pada Selasa (9/12).

Studi itu mengungkap Homo floresiensis dan salah satu mangsa utamanya, Stegodon florensis insularis, yang dulunya hidup di Pulau Flores di Indonesia Timur, meninggalkan Gua Liang Bua saat periode kekeringan berkepanjangan yang berlangsung selama ribuan tahun, urai rilis tersebut.

Dengan memadukan catatan kimia yang berpresisi dari stalagmit gua dengan data isotop dari fosil gigi spesies gajah kerdil Stegodon, tim ilmuwan tersebut mengungkap adanya tren pengeringan ekstensif yang dimulai sekitar 76.000 tahun yang lalu.

Tren itu memuncak pada kekeringan musim panas yang parah antara 61.000 hingga 55.000 tahun yang lalu, memicu hilangnya sumber air tawar dan pasokan makanan.

\"Curah hujan musim panas turun hingga sekitar setengah dari level modern, dan sumber air di dasar sungai mengering secara musiman, sehingga menimbulkan tekanan ekologis bagi hobbit dan mangsanya,\" ujar Mike Gagan, profesor kehormatan di UOW.

Fosil Homo floresiensis pertama kali ditemukan pada 2003 di Gua Liang Bua. Spesimen fosil tipe itu, yang dijuluki ‘Hobbit’ karena posturnya yang sangat kecil, secara radikal menantang teori-teori dominan tentang evolusi manusia dan penyebaran manusia di seluruh dunia, urai studi yang telah dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Communications Earth & Environment tersebut.

\"Persaingan untuk mendapatkan air dan makanan yang semakin menipis kemungkinan memaksa semua hobbit untuk meninggalkan Liang Bua,\" tutur Gert van den Berg, honorary fellow di School of Science UOW.

Penelitian itu mengklarifikasi linimasa keberadaan manusia di Flores. Fosil Homo floresiensis menunjukkan bukti kehadirannya sebelum keberadaan paling awal manusia modern di pulau tersebut, sementara Homo sapiens telah menjelajahi kepulauan Indonesia pada sekitar masa lenyapnya hobbit.

\"Mungkin saja ketika hobbit berpindah untuk mencari air dan mangsa, mereka bertemu dengan manusia modern di tempat lain di pulau tersebut,\" ujar Gagan. \"Dalam konteks itu, perubahan iklim kemungkinan menjadi pendorong kepunahan akhir mereka.\"

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