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Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – China berencana merampungkan sebuah peta geologi generasi baru Mars pada akhir 2028, dengan tujuan merekonstruksi sejarah keberadaan air di Planet Merah itu serta memperkenalkan sistem pembagian waktu geologi Mars versi China.

Hou Zengqian, seorang akademisi dari Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan China sekaligus kepala ilmuwan misi pemulangan sampel Mars Tianwen-3, mengungkapkan rencana tersebut dalam sebuah simposium yang diadakan pada Senin (28/9) di Institut Geologi di bawah Akademi Ilmu Geologi China.

Zhurong, wahana penjelajah (rover) yang didaratkan China di Mars pada 2021 sebagai bagian dari misi Tianwen-1, telah memberikan petunjuk baru tentang sejarah air di planet tersebut: samudra purba yang sangat luas masih ada sekitar 3,5 miliar tahun silam, sementara banjir yang berlangsung singkat kemungkinan terjadi sekitar 1,6 miliar tahun silam.

Temuan ini membantu melengkapi rangkaian bukti mengenai evolusi iklim Mars purba dan akan dimasukkan ke dalam peta baru tersebut.

Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peta baru ini akan memuat sistem pembagian waktu geologi Mars yang dikembangkan China.

Saat ini, pembagian waktu geologi Mars mencakup periode Noachian, Hesperian, dan Amazonian, yang ditentukan berdasarkan kepadatan kawah yang terlihat, bukan berdasarkan penanggalan absolut. China bertujuan menjadikan sistem baru tersebut sebagai konsensus internasional, kata Hou.

Proyek itu terutama akan memanfaatkan data dari Tianwen-1, dilengkapi dengan data wahana Mars dari Amerika Serikat dan ESA (Badan Antariksa Eropa), yang memungkinkan integrasi data orbital dan berbasis darat. Dengan menggabungkan citra, spektrum, radar, gravitasi, dan pembacaan magnetik, sebuah basis data global akan disusun dan menghubungkan beberapa medan fisik planet tersebut.

Kecerdasan buatan (AI) akan menjadi inti dari interpretasi data itu. Keahlian para pakar geologi akan disematkan dalam model besar melalui mesin aturan untuk menjaga agar hasilnya dapat dijelaskan, sementara teknik perhatian multiskala akan membantu membentuk ekstraksi fitur progresif dari identifikasi mineral setempat hingga pembagian unit tektonik global.

Hasil pekerjaan yang ditargetkan rampung pada akhir 2028 itu mencakup peta geologi Mars berskala 1:5 juta, peta kawasan pendaratan berskala 1:50.000, dan serangkaian atlas tematik.

Proyek ini juga akan menghasilkan peta geologi Mars cerdas pertama di dunia dan menyediakan templat untuk pemetaan Bulan, Venus, dan asteroid di masa mendatang.

Pemetaan geologi telah menjadi salah satu tugas utama lembaga tersebut selama 70 tahun, kata direkturnya, Yang Zhiming. Selama periode itu, pemetaan yang dilakukan lembaga tersebut telah berkembang dari peta regional dan nasional hingga mencakup Bulan dan kini Mars.

Menurutnya, pekerjaan tersebut telah memberikan landasan ilmiah bagi program eksplorasi planet China untuk menentukan ke mana harus pergi, apa yang harus dieksplorasi, dan mengapa hal itu perlu dilakukan.

Laporan: Redaksi

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