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Dalian, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Setelah bertahun-tahun pengembangan kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence/AI) yang berfokus pada perangkat lunak, teknologi-teknologi berdampak besar kini mulai beralih dari layar ke sistem fisik yang menopang ekonomi modern, seperti energi, kedokteran, pangan, dan material, menurut laporan yang dirilis pada Selasa (23/6).

Laporan bertajuk ‘Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2026’ (10 Teknologi Berkembang Teratas 2026) diumumkan dalam forum Davos Musim Panas (Summer Davos) 2026 yang berlangsung di Kota Dalian, China timur laut.

Diterbitkan bersama oleh Forum Ekonomi Dunia (World Economic Forum/WEF) dan penerbit riset Frontiers, laporan itu mengidentifikasi teknologi-teknologi utama yang paling berpotensi membentuk industri, kebijakan, dan masyarakat dalam lima tahun ke depan.

Teknologi yang masuk dalam daftar mencakup energi bersih generasi berikutnya, material canggih, bioteknologi, hingga AI dan teknologi kuantum.

Berikut 10 teknologi berkembang teratas tersebut:

- Energi ‘everything-to-grid’, yang memungkinkan kendaraan listrik dan bangunan untuk menyimpan listrik serta menyalurkannya kembali ke jaringan listrik sesuai kebutuhan.

- Ekstraksi litium langsung, yang menggantikan kolam penguapan yang lambat dengan sistem rekayasa khusus untuk mengekstraksi litium berkualitas baterai dari dataran garam hanya dalam hitungan jam.

- Material pendingin radiatif pasif, menjaga bangunan tetap sejuk tanpa mengonsumsi energi listrik.

- Penghancuran PFAS, mengubah ‘bahan kimia abadi’ menjadi zat-zat alami yang tidak berbahaya untuk air minum bersih.

- Fermentasi presisi, pembuatan bahan pangan dan obat-obatan.

- Pengantaran obat berbasis eksosom, memanfaatkan paket seluler alami dalam tubuh manusia untuk mengirimkan obat secara tepat sasaran ke sel-sel yang sakit.

- Vaksin kanker mRNA yang dipersonalisasi, melatih sistem kekebalan tubuh pasien untuk mengenali dan menghancurkan sel kanker.

- Simulasi kuantum untuk penemuan obat.

- Model dunia (world model), memprediksi berbagai skenario dunia nyata.

- Kriptografi berbasis kisi (lattice-based cryptography), yang dirancang untuk melindungi data digital sensitif agar tidak diretas oleh komputer kuantum di masa depan.

Laporan: Redaksi

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