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Sebuah studi mengenai kerapuhan sistem perbankan Amerika Serikat (AS) menemukan bahwa masih ada 186 bank lagi yang berisiko mengalami kebangkrutan bahkan jika hanya separuh dari para deposan yang tidak diasuransikan memutuskan untuk menarik dana mereka.

\r\n

New York City, AS (Xinhua) – Sebuah studi mengenai kerapuhan sistem perbankan Amerika Serikat (AS) menemukan bahwa masih ada 186 bank lagi yang berisiko mengalami kebangkrutan bahkan jika hanya separuh dari para deposan yang tidak diasuransikan memutuskan untuk menarik dana mereka, demikian dilaporkan oleh USA Today pada Kamis (4/5).

\"Dengan bangkrutnya tiga bank regional sejak Maret, dan satu bank lagi tengah berada di ujung tanduk, apakah Amerika akan segera mengalami rentetan kebangkrutan bank?\" tanya laporan tersebut.

Bloomberg melaporkan bahwa PacWest Bancorp yang berbasis di San Francisco sedang mempertimbangkan untuk menjual sahamnya, dengan penurunan nilai bermargin besar. Pekan lalu, First Republic Bank menjadi bank ketiga yang kolaps, kebangkrutan bank terbesar kedua dalam sejarah AS setelah Washington Mutual, yang kolaps pada 2008 di tengah krisis keuangan. Sementara itu, Silicon Valley Bank dan Signature Bank gulung tikar pada Maret.

\n $\"Kerapuhan$ \n

\n Orang-orang mengantre di luar kantor pusat Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) di Santa Clara, California, Amerika Serikat, pada 13 Maret 2023. (Xinhua/Li Jianguo)\n

\"Bank-bank regional mengalami kegagalan karena kenaikan suku bunga Federal Reserve (The Fed) yang agresif untuk menekan inflasi telah mengikis nilai aset-aset bank seperti obligasi pemerintah dan sekuritas berbasis hipotek,\" papar laporan tersebut.

The Fed menaikkan suku bunga sebesar seperempat poin persentase pada Rabu (3/5) dalam langkah ke-10 secara beruntun demi melawan cepatnya laju inflasi.

Sebagian besar obligasi membayar dengan suku bunga tetap yang menjadi menarik ketika suku bunga turun, sehingga meningkatkan permintaan dan harga obligasi, menurut laporan itu. Di sisi lain, jika suku bunga naik, para investor tidak lagi menyukai suku bunga tetap yang lebih rendah yang dibayarkan oleh obligasi, sehingga membuat harganya turun.

Banyak bank meningkatkan kepemilikan obligasi mereka selama pandemik, ketika deposito berlimpah tetapi permintaan pinjaman dan imbal hasil (yield) lemah. Bagi banyak bank, kerugian yang belum terealisasi (unrealized loss) ini akan tetap tercatat di atas kertas. Namun, bank-bank lain mungkin akan mengalami kerugian nyata jika mereka harus menjual sekuritas untuk likuiditas atau alasan lain, papar Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

\n $\"Kerapuhan$ \n

\n Sejumlah orang berjalan melewati kantor cabang Signature Bank di New York, Amerika Serikat, pada 13 Maret 2023. (Xinhua/Michael Nagle)\n

\"Penurunan nilai aset bank baru-baru ini secara signifikan meningkatkan kerentanan sistem perbankan AS terhadap penarikan dana besar-besaran oleh deposan (bank run) yang tidak diasuransikan,\" tulis para ekonom dalam sebuah makalah terbaru yang diterbitkan di Social Science Research Network.

Penarikan dana dari bank-bank ini dapat menimbulkan risiko bahkan bagi para deposan yang diasuransikan, yakni mereka yang memiliki 250.000 dolar AS atau kurang di bank, karena dana asuransi deposito Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) mulai mengalami kerugian, tulis para ekonom tersebut.

Tentu saja, skenario ini hanya akan terjadi jika pemerintah tidak melakukan apa-apa. \"Jadi, perhitungan kami menunjukkan bahwa bank-bank ini dapat dipastikan memiliki risiko potensial untuk mengalami penarikan dana besar-besaran, jika tidak ada intervensi atau rekapitalisasi dari pemerintah,\" tulis para ekonom itu.

*1 dolar AS = 14.632 rupiah

Laporan: Redaksi","excerpt","Sebuah studi mengenai kerapuhan sistem perbankan Amerika Serikat (AS) menemukan bahwa masih ada 186 bank lagi yang berisiko mengalami kebangkrutan bahkan jika h...","seo_kw","kerapuhan sistem perbankan AS","seo_title","Kerapuhan sistem perbankan AS picu 186 bank kolaps","seo_description","Kerapuhan sistem perbankan AS mendorong 186 bank ke dalam risiko kebangkrutan, menyusul kenaikan suku bunga The Fed yang agresif.","image","2023/05/Kerapuhan-sistem-perbankan-AS-1.jpg","image_alt","Kerapuhan sistem perbankan AS","image_caption","Orang-orang berjalan melewati salah satu cabang First Republic Bank di New York, Amerika Serikat, pada 1 Mei 2023. (Xinhua/Michael Nagle)","image_url","https://indonesiawindow.sgp1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/2023/05/Kerapuhan-sistem-perbankan-AS-1.jpg","status","publish","tags",[62,78,85,92,98,104,111,117],{"_6":63,"_64":65,"_66":67,"_11":68,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":71,"_72":71,"_73":74},"019bb744-9141-7006-a02b-c4e27a62d3ce","old_id",13577,"name","the Fed","the-fed-id","description","created_at","2026-01-13T12:11:22.000000Z","updated_at","pivot",{"_75":18,"_76":63,"_70":77,"_72":77},"post_id","tag_id","2026-01-13T13:15:49.000000Z",{"_6":79,"_64":80,"_66":81,"_11":82,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":83,"_72":83,"_73":84},"019bb744-a698-736b-b9b8-3d4be90a09d3",16103,"suku bunga The Fed","suku-bunga-the-fed","2026-01-13T12:11:28.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":79,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":86,"_64":87,"_66":88,"_11":89,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":90,"_72":90,"_73":91},"019bb744-d207-710c-8523-4151dd62fc62",21035,"Silicon Valley Bank","silicon-valley-bank","2026-01-13T12:11:39.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":86,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":93,"_64":94,"_66":95,"_11":96,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":90,"_72":90,"_73":97},"019bb744-d24d-7098-8cee-fea56dc82549",21067,"kolapsnya Silicon Valley Bank","kolapsnya-silicon-valley-bank",{"_75":18,"_76":93,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":99,"_64":100,"_66":101,"_11":102,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":90,"_72":90,"_73":103},"019bb744-d3db-72a6-b2fe-606d311630f0",21231,"krisis perbankan di Eropa","krisis-perbankan-di-eropa",{"_75":18,"_76":99,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":105,"_64":106,"_66":107,"_11":108,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":109,"_72":109,"_73":110},"019bb744-d978-71ea-bfb8-3440ca111aa4",21837,"kebangkrutan First Republic Bank","kebangkrutan-first-republic-bank","2026-01-13T12:11:41.000000Z",{"_75":18,"_76":105,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":112,"_64":113,"_66":114,"_11":115,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":109,"_72":109,"_73":116},"019bb744-da01-722a-ba4c-264093be8fdd",21899,"sistem perbankan Amerika Serikat","sistem-perbankan-amerika-serikat",{"_75":18,"_76":112,"_70":77,"_72":77},{"_6":118,"_64":119,"_66":45,"_11":12,"_50":-5,"_69":-5,"_70":109,"_72":109,"_73":120},"019bb744-da23-720e-906f-901e7b667441",21913,{"_75":18,"_76":118,"_70":77,"_72":77},"comments",[],"2023-05-06","pagination",{"_126":127,"_128":127,"_129":130,"_131":127,"_132":127,"_133":134},"count",1,"total","perPage",12,"currentPage","totalPages","links",{},"pageSize","error","actionData","errors"]