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Pengembangan pan-genom gandum yang komprehensif dan penerapannya dapat membantu meningkatkan varietas gandum.

\r\n

Beijing, China (Xinhua) – Sebuah penelitian kolaboratif antara ilmuwan China dan Australia menemukan dasar genomik untuk koevolusi varietas gandum dengan habitat dan kultur makanannya. Hal ini dicapai dengan meneliti arsitektur genomik dan jejak kultivar gandum China.

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan dari Akademi Ilmu Pertanian China (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/CAAS), Universitas Pertanian China (China Agricultural University), Universitas Murdoch di Australia, dan lembaga-lembaga lainnya ini diterbitkan dalam edisi terbaru jurnal Nature.

Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan pan-genom gandum yang komprehensif dan penerapannya untuk meningkatkan varietas gandum, yang menunjukkan kontribusi terdepan China di dunia dalam bidang penelitian gandum.

Gandum merupakan tanaman pangan terbesar kedua di China, dan memiliki sistem pemuliaan dan catatan silsilah yang sangat baik. Upaya investigasi terhadap jejak genomik kultivar gandum telah membuka jalan potensial bagi upaya pemuliaan di masa depan, yang dapat membantu meningkatkan produksi gandum di China.

Para peneliti telah mengembangkan pan-genom gandum dengan menggunakan perwakilan kultivar China yang baru disusun, dan mengungkapkan bahwa penggunaan variasi struktural yang dinamis berkembang bersama habitat dan kultur makanan gandum.

\"Untuk menangkap keanekaragaman genomik kultivar gandum umum yang mewakili sejarah pemuliaan selama 70 tahun di China, kami memilih 17 kultivar untuk penyusunan genom de novo,\" ujar Zhang Xueyong, ilmuwan gandum di CAAS.

\"Penelitian ini memberikan informasi sumber daya genetik yang berharga bagi perbaikan pemuliaan gandum dengan bantuan genomik di masa depan,\" ujar Zhang, seraya menambahkan bahwa penelitian ini juga menyingkap efek dari berbagai tingkat variasi struktural pada adaptasi dan pemuliaan gandum, yang memberikan perspektif dan strategi baru bagi integrasi dan pemanfaatan sumber daya plasma nutfah global untuk mendukung pemuliaan gandum di masa depan.

Menurut Liu Xu, seorang akademisi dari Akademi Teknik China (Chinese Academy of Engineering/CAE), penelitian ini akan membantu mendorong penelitian sumber daya plasma nutfah tanaman di China untuk secara resmi memasuki era mahadata (big data) dan mempercepat penelitian penambangan serta pemanfaatan gen-gen penting.

Penelitian ini mengungkap \"kode genetik\" di balik berbagai kemampuan adaptasi lingkungan dan pembentukan kualitas gandum. Penelitian ini juga akan memberikan dukungan genomik yang penting dan panduan teoretis bagi pemuliaan desain pintar, ungkap Sun Qixin, akademisi lainnya dari CAE.

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