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Beijing, China (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – China akan menerapkan arsitektur ‘dua peluncuran, pertemuan di orbit Bulan’ (two launches, lunar orbit rendezvous) untuk program eksplorasi Bulan berawaknya, ungkap seorang insinyur senior pada Sabtu (31/10), seiring dengan kemajuan yang stabil dalam pekerjaan pengembangan untuk pendaratan di Bulan.

Wang Xiang, selaku wakil kepala perancang program antariksa berawak China sekaligus kepala perancang program eksplorasi Bulan, memaparkan rencana tersebut pada Simposium Antariksa Berawak (Manned Space Symposium) ketujuh di Beijing.

Berdasarkan skema tersebut, dua roket akan meluncurkan wahana pendarat Bulan Lanyue dan pesawat antariksa berawak Mengzhou secara terpisah ke dalam orbit transfer Bumi-Bulan, lalu kedua wahana antariksa tersebut akan melakukan pertemuan (rendezvous) dan penambatan (docking) di orbit Bulan.

Para astronaut kemudian akan berpindah dari pesawat antariksa Mengzhou ke dalam wahana pendarat Lanyue untuk melakukan pendaratan ke permukaan Bulan dan melaksanakan kegiatan ilmiah selanjutnya.

Wang mengatakan bahwa pendekatan tersebut selaras dengan kapabilitas teknis dan infrastruktur yang dimiliki China saat ini, dan pengembangan terpisah dari pesawat antariksa dan wahana pendarat Bulan tersebut dapat membantu menstandardisasi produksi dan mendukung pembentukan keluarga wahana jangka panjang.

Meskipun rencana tersebut juga menghadirkan berbagai tantangan yang cukup besar, Wang mengatakan bahwa sistem baru untuk memobilisasi sumber daya secara nasional merupakan keunggulan mendasar untuk mengatasinya.

Dia mengatakan bahwa program tersebut telah menetapkan rencana sistem, standar teknis, dan persyaratan kualitas di bawah satu kerangka kerja pengembangan tunggal, serta telah menerapkan pendekatan desain terintegrasi dengan penekanan pada verifikasi antarmuka antarsubsistem.

Sejauh ini, pengembangan roket pengangkut Long March-10, pesawat antariksa berawak Mengzhou, dan wahana pendarat Bulan Lanyue berjalan dengan lancar.

Sejumlah pengujian utama yang telah diselesaikan mencakup uji pembatalan peluncuran pada ketinggian nol (zero-height abort) dan pembatalan penerbangan pada kondisi tekanan dinamis maksimum pada pesawat antariksa Mengzhou, uji pendaratan dan lepas landas wahana pendarat Bulan Lanyue, serta uji demonstrasi dan validasi pada ketinggian rendah untuk roket Long March-10.

Wang mengatakan bahwa eksplorasi Bulan di masa mendatang harus mengikuti prinsip membangun pengetahuan dan kapabilitas terlebih dahulu sebelum beralih ke pemanfaatan sumber daya, dan diperlukan tahapan survei yang panjang guna memahami Bulan secara bertahap.

Dia menambahkan bahwa pendaratan berawak di Bulan dan eksplorasi Bulan tanpa awak memiliki banyak kesamaan elemen dalam hal teknologi utama, infrastruktur, dan personel, serta berbagai pencapaian dari program eksplorasi Bulan Chang'e juga akan mendukung upaya pendaratan berawak di Bulan.

Laporan: Redaksi

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