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Periode cuaca tenang dan tanpa angin yang dikenal sebagai ‘hari-hari doldrum’ (doldrum days) semakin memicu pemutihan terumbu karang massal di Great Barrier Reef Australia.

Melbourne, Australia (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Periode cuaca tenang dan tanpa angin yang dikenal sebagai ‘hari-hari doldrum’ (doldrum days) semakin memicu pemutihan terumbu karang massal di Great Barrier Reef Australia, demikian menurut penelitian baru yang diumumkan pada Senin (19/1).

Studi tersebut menganalisis data cuaca hampir tiga dekade saat musim pemutihan terumbu karang dan mengaitkan jeda berkepanjangan angin pasat, yang biasanya membantu mendinginkan perairan terumbu karang, dengan lonjakan suhu laut dan stres terumbu karang yang meluas, ungkap pernyataan Universitas Monash Australia.

Studi yang telah diterbitkan oleh European Geosciences Union (EGU) ini menemukan bahwa ketika gelombang atmosfer planet yang besar datang, hal ini dapat menurunkan tekanan atmosfer dan mengganggu angin pasat, sehingga meningkatkan kemungkinan terbentuknya fenomena doldrum.

Secara khusus, hilangnya angin pasat, yang masing-masing biasa terjadi pada Desember dan April, berarti berkurangnya proses pendinginan laut dan dapat berkontribusi pada penumpukan stres musim panas lebih dini serta bertahannya cuaca panas hingga akhir musim, sebut para peneliti.

Angin pasat bertindak seperti pendingin udara alami bagi terumbu karang, ujar Lara Richards, peneliti utama sekaligus kandidat PhD di Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for the Weather of 21st Century, yang memimpin penelitian tersebut bersama Universitas Monash.

\"Apabila angin itu berhenti berhembus, suhu lautan akan memanas dengan cepat, dan terumbu karang menderita,\" kata Richards, menambahkan bahwa memahami pola-pola ini dapat membantu ilmuwan memprediksi dan mengurangi dampak pemutihan di masa depan secara lebih baik.

Para peneliti menemukan bahwa tahun-tahun yang mengalami peristiwa pemutihan massal memiliki lebih banyak hari yang tenang dan cerah selama bulan-bulan terpanas, serta lebih sedikit hari dengan angin pasat yang kuat antara Desember dan April. Hal ini memungkinkan suhu panas terakumulasi dan bertahan lebih lama, sehingga menciptakan kondisi ideal bagi gelombang panas laut.

Ketika Great Barrier Reef mengalami pemutihan karang secara massal, fenomena doldrum terjadi lebih sering dan berlangsung lebih lama, ujar Profesor Steven Siems dari Sekolah Ilmu Bumi, Atmosfer dan Lingkungan di Universitas Monash.

Penelitian ini menyoroti bagaimana hilangnya peristiwa pendinginan di penghujung musim dapat mengubah tahun yang biasa menjadi tahun terjadinya pemutihan karang, papar Siems.

Studi tersebut mendesak pemantauan pola atmosfer yang lebih ketat, seraya memperingatkan bahwa seiring perubahan iklim terus mengganggu sistem cuaca, angin pasat menjadi semakin penting untuk perlindungan terumbu karang.

Laporan: Redaksi

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