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Sistem Pendaratan Manusia (Human Landing System/HLS) akan membawa astronaut Amerika Serikat ke Bulan dalam misi Artemis III.

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Los Angeles, Amerika Serikat (Xinhua/Indonesia Window) – Pelaksana Tugas Administrator NASA Sean Duffy pada Senin (20/10) mengumumkan badan itu akan membuka kembali proses tender terkait kontrak wahana pendarat (lander) Bulan, yang saat ini dipegang oleh SpaceX, karena keterlambatan progres perusahaan itu dalam misi Artemis III.

\"SpaceX memegang kontrak untuk membangun Sistem Pendaratan Manusia (Human Landing System/HLS), yang akan membawa astronaut Amerika Serikat (AS) ke Bulan dalam misi Artemis III,\" ujar Duffy dalam unggahan di platform media sosial X. \"Namun, persaingan dan inovasi merupakan kunci keunggulan kami dalam antariksa, sehingga NASA membuka produksi HLS kepada Blue Origin dan perusahaan-perusahaan besar Amerika lainnya.\"

HLS akan membawa para astronot dari orbit Bulan ke permukaan Bulan sebagai bagian dari program Artemis NASA. Para awak akan menaiki wahana pendarat di orbit, turun ke permukaan Bulan untuk mengumpulkan sampel, melakukan eksperimen ilmiah, serta mengamati lingkungan Bulan, kemudian kembali ke orbit untuk melakukan perjalanan pulang ke Bumi. Demikian menurut badan tersebut.

\"Mereka (SpaceX) melakukan hal-hal luar biasa, tetapi saat ini mereka terlambat dari jadwal,\" tutur Duffy dalam sesi wawancara dengan Fox News, sembari menambahkan bahwa Presiden AS Donald Trump berharap pendaratan di Bulan dapat terlaksana sebelum masa jabatannya berakhir pada Januari 2029.

Duffy juga mengatakan komponen perangkat keras utama terakhir untuk Artemis II, misi berawak NASA selanjutnya untuk mengelilingi Bulan, telah dipasang. Pesawat antariksa Orion, yang diberi nama \"Integrity\" dan akan membawa para astronaut Artemis II, telah sepenuhnya terpasang pada roket Sistem Peluncuran Luar Angkasa (Space Launch System/SLS), urainya di platform media sosial X.

Di media sosial X, Elon Musk, pendiri sekaligus CEO SpaceX, menanggapi santai pengumuman itu dengan mengatakan perusahaannya \"bergerak secepat kilat dibandingkan dengan industri antariksa lainnya,\" seraya menambahkan \"Starship pada akhirnya akan melaksanakan seluruh misi ke Bulan.\"

SpaceX merupakan satu dari beberapa kontraktor utama yang mendukung program Artemis NASA, yang bertujuan membangun kehadiran manusia jangka panjang pertama di Bulan dan membuka jalan bagi misi-misi ke Mars mendatang. Perusahaan-perusahaan lain yang terlibat mencakup Blue Origin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, dan Northrop Grumman.

NASA memberikan kontrak awal kepada SpaceX untuk mengembangkan HLS berbasis Starship terkait Artemis III, pendaratan manusia di Bulan pertama sejak 1972. Berdasarkan kontrak tersebut, SpaceX diwajibkan melakukan satu penerbangan demonstrasi tanpa awak sebelum melaksanakan misi berawak.

Pada Desember, NASA merevisi lini masa program Artemis dengan menargetkan April 2026 untuk peluncuran Artemis II, misi penerbangan berawak pertama yang mengelilingi Bulan, dan pertengahan 2027 untuk Artemis III, yang bertujuan untuk menjelajahi wilayah kutub selatan Bulan.

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